Types of PV Systems
PV solar systems provide both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) power, and fall into two primary classifications, Grid Connected systems, or utility interactive, and Stand Alone. The two systems are based on the system’s ability to run dependently or independently off the public utility grid. These two systems are defined by their connection and interaction with various power sources, types, component configuration, and method of electrical transference to appliance. A stand-alone system with the added ability to interface with alternate power sources, including utility back-up is known as a Hybrid system.
Stand-Alone System with Battery Storage for AC and DC Loads
Stand-alone PV systems are designed to work autonomously, they are not designed to operate parallel with the utility grid. Depending on the solar array and the size of the battery storage system, most stand-alone systems are not feasible for high watt electrical loads such as air conditioners and refrigerators. Stand-alone systems are better suited for supplying power to electrical loads such as low voltage lighting, fans and similar appliances as well as small AC appliances that are not connected to the utility grid. The Figure below shows a flow chart of a simple stand-alone system providing power for both AC and DC electrical loads, as well as a battery-back-up for energy storage.
